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A Lost Frontier Revealed by Alan Fox

A Lost Frontier Revealed by Alan Fox

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Regional separation in the East Midlands.

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Studies in Regional and Local History, Volume 7

Even today, a traveller through England is soon aware of cultural differences, some of which are clearly visible in the landscape. It is advocated by theeminent English historian Charles Phythian-Adams that England, through much of the last millennium, could be divided into regional societies which broadly coincided with groups of pre-1974 counties.

In this unusual investigation Alan Fox tests for, and establishes, the presence of an informal frontier between two of Phythian-Adams' proposed societies astride the Leicestershire-Lincolnshire border. Many studies of rural landscapes tend to focus on medieval and earlier times, but here the spotlight is on the early modern period. Local geology, rates of enclosure, population density as well as patterns of wealth, poor-relief, the local economy, land ownership and land use are all examined across the two neighbouring societies and the heathland frontier' which separated them.

Alan Fox has a PhD in English Local History at the University of Leicester where he was made an Honorary Visiting Fellow in 2003.

ISBN 978-1-902806-97-6, Apr 2010, 224pp, Paperback

“I found this book exciting and stimulating. As a test of the Phythian-Adams hypothesis it is ground-breaking in its detail... I recommend the book to anyone interested in local history, local societies and how these interact.” Evelyn Lord, The Local Historian

“Fox has produced a scholarly and detailed study of one area of the country; and one which clearly has its own wider regional characteristics. He indicates how much there is still to say about Phythian-Adams' theories of regions and borders, and at how many levels it may apply. The obvious final thought is to call for more, similarly detailed, local studies, so that we can start to assess in greater detail how unique this area of the country was. This book will be of interest to those working in local social and economic history and, like the rest of this series, is priced to be readily accessible to all.” Alysa Levene, Local Population Studies

“Alan Fox's in-depth depiction of a social-spacial fault-line between Leicestershire and west Lincolnshire provides a highly methodical, meticulously researched, well-grounded and very welcome test of Phythian-Adams's hypotheses about regional 'societies'. It is based on rigorous and exhaustive parish-by-parish analyses, including a phenomenal family reconstitution of fourteen parishes in this border area.” H.R. French, Agricultural History Review

Contents


List of figures vii
List of tables x
General Editor's preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Abbreviations xiv
Part 1: Introduction  
1.  The hypothesis 3
Regional societies 3
Regional subdivision of England 3
Belonging 4
The characteristics of regional societies and their frontiers 9
Rationale and summary 10
2.  The Test Area 11
Historical background 11
The physical background 17
Lincolnshire 18
Leicestershire 25
Part 2: A countryside divided?  
3.  Land and people of the proposed frontier 45
Population density in the seven ‘landscapes’ 48
Trends 50
Enclosure history 56
4.  Economic characteristics and contrasts 61
Wealth and poverty 61
Occupations and paupers 64
Land use 69
Land ownership 73
5.  Cultural expressions 78
Popular culture and folk traditions 79
Vernacular architecture 82
Dialect 87
Different word use in probate inventories 91
Conclusion 95
Part 3: Mechanisms of segregation  
6.  Personal spatial loyalties 99
The People 101
The links 104
Neighbourhoods 108
Isolines 110
Using a formula 110
Marriage horizons and the seven ‘landscapes’ 111
Marriage horizons and enclosure 113
Marriage horizons and land ownership 114
Summary of marriage horizons 116
Marriage licences and bondsmen 117
Bondsmen in probate administrations 120
Wills 122
Real estate in wills 126
Family reconstitution 127
Occupations of the migrants 136
Summary 137
7.  Kinship and dynastic moulds 138
Dynastic families 138
Occupations of dynastic families 139
Single-parish dynasties 140
Two-parish dynasties 142
Three-parish dynasties 145
Conclusion 149
8.  County and town polarities 150
Transport in the Midlands 150
Roads through the proposed frontier zone 154
Urban fields of influence 158
Hiring fairs 162
Conclusion 166
Part 4: Conclusion  
9.  Overall judgement and findings 169
The effect of the county boundary 170
A frontier in other periods? 172
Place-names 172
Surname evidence 177
After the eighteenth century 179
Appendix 183
Bibliography 189
Index 203
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